One of my favorite types of horror story is the kind that leaves you uncertain whether the horror exists in the real world or only in the character’s mind.  “The Devil’s Hand Meddles in the Design of Sin” definitely accomplishes that.  From the beginning of the story to the end, I don’t know whether the first-person narrator is seeing the devil or only imagining the devil.  This raises a question in readers’ minds about what is real and generates curiosity that makes readers want to keep on reading.

This story resonated for me with a very famous story of this type, “The Tell-Tale Heart” by Edgar Allan Poe.  I wondered if Poe’s story might have been an inspiration for this piece.

The story also has some nice description, such as the “crystalized geometries” and “there was an early mist above the short cut grass that faded the green tips of the plantation into murky greyness. It was quiet and serene and to me it seemed the whole world was like that at the moment.”  That second sentence is very evocative and makes me recall similar moments in my life.

In this passage, the rhythm and repetitive sentence structure come together strongly to create a suggestion of dissociation:  “My hair was covered in blood and I could see it dangling in front of my face. I went to the sink to wash it off and as I did I started weeping like a child. I felt abhorrently sick and deranged. I knelt my forearms on the sink and ran my head under the water. My hands were a mix of blood and water and I ran them over my face and my hair. It was wet and murky on my skin. I let out a short laugh. I felt deranged.”  I found this passage and the end of the story the strongest part.

I also enjoyed some of the character moments.  This one–“I thought if I came out in my lounge wear, that nothing dangerous would happen because I was not dressed for more”–made me laugh and felt very human.

Here are some thoughts about how the story might be strengthened.

Some stylistic weaknesses prevent me from becoming as immersed in the story as I’d like to be and disrupt the flow.

The tense shifts throughout the story between past and present.   For example, the story begins in past tense (“I rode my bicycle”), yet by the end of the first paragraph it has changed to present tense (“A bus stops next to me”).  Each tense shift makes me stumble as I’m reading and prevents me from falling into the fictional dream of the story.

Some sentences are unfocused.  A sentence should be one, focused idea.  With description, the description needs a focus.  What is the character looking at or perceiving?  Why?  What stands out for that character?  For example, “The street lights and their reflections in the buildings of the city tinted the dark sky above so that the many stars were hidden from my vision.” Is the sentence about the lights and their reflections?  Or about the dark sky above?  Or about the stars being hidden?  I don’t know where the character is looking.  He seems to be looking everywhere at once.  If the character is searching for the stars and the city lights are hiding the stars, I think there’s a more focused way to convey that.  But since the narrator seems to be riding a bike down a busy road, I don’t think he’d be able to search for stars.

There are some awkward phrases and sentences in the story.  For example, “I must attend to her these days as the cancer has picked up a heavy hand against her.”  I haven’t heard “heavy hand” used in this way.  As far as I know, one might “rule with a heavy hand,” but I don’t know what it means to “pick up a heavy hand.”  So this threw me out of the story.  If you’re not 100% sure of the meaning of a word and of how it is used in sentences, it’s a good idea to check, to not only look up the definition but also to look for examples of sentences using the word or phrase.

The story tells more than it shows.  For example, “It was not the face it was the night of the murder. Nor was it the gloomy, hopeless, and depressed face of the accused during the trial. It was a face unlike a regular face. A face comprised of pure malice and mischief.”  I’m not getting any concrete details to visualize here.  The first three sentences are an example of what I call “negative information,” when the author describes what isn’t present or what didn’t happen instead of describing what is present or what did happen.  The last sentence is positive information, describing what is there, but it’s all telling (abstractions, judgements) rather than showing (concrete sensory details).  So I still don’t know what this face looks like.  The main thing I want to know as a reader is whether this is the same man the narrator saw before.  And I don’t get the answer to that question.

Some of the telling involves emotion.  While that can sometimes work (such as when an emotion is different than we might expect from the situation), using multiple emotional labels tends to create confusion and no clear emotional impression.  For example, “Mad with the painful anxiety I flew into a rage” leaves me not really feeling anything.  I would need to feel the anxiety building more and leading into the rage, rather than just being told it happened.

Some of the showing is imprecise, not creating images I can form in my mind or believe.  For example, “Pub goers sit in the bar, outside it, and on the sidewalk on small tables and wooden chairs.”  If the pub goers are sitting in the bar and on chairs on the sidewalk, then the phrase “outside it” seems unnecessary.  The sidewalk is clearly outside.  So when three locations are listed–in the bar, outside, and on the sidewalk–I don’t know what to visualize.  I don’t know where “outside” is besides “on the sidewalk.”  Also, the sentence is saying that people are sitting on the sidewalk on tables and chairs.  I don’t believe they’re sitting on tables.  So my mental process as I’m reading this sentence involves stopping, being puzzled, and ultimately reimagining the sentence in my mind so it makes sense to me and I can then form the image. If I could skip the interim steps and just read the sentence and see the image, that would be more involving.

Regarding the plot, I think the extended timeline weakens the causal chain (a chain of cause and effect running through the story) and the character believability.  I don’t feel the impact (the effect) on the character when the Volvo’s driver is not convicted.  We’re told he declines, but I don’t see that in concrete ways.  For example, does he never ride his bike again?  Does he change jobs so he doesn’t have to travel on that street again?  Is he fired because he can’t concentrate?  The red Volvo keeps appearing outside, but then it stops.  Why?  I don’t know any cause for the Volvo to leave him alone.  Time passes, and then the Volvo returns.  Why?  And the narrator, who seems to have recovered from his decline and made a life for himself, approaches the car in a friendly manner.  Why?  And then loses control of himself and kills the driver.  Why?  These abrupt changes make it hard for me to believe in the narrator and the situation.  If the narrator is struggling against the man in the Volvo, and the struggle escalates, and the narrator moves away to escape the Volvo, but the Volvo is back a week later, we would understand that the Volvo has been searching for him during that time and has now found him again.  And we would understand the narrator’s violent reaction because he’s still upset; he hopes he might have escaped, and just when he thinks he’s safe, the man in the Volvo returns.  Stories extended over a long period of time make it more difficult to establish a strong causal chain.

I think the time period was extended so the narrator could have an ill wife at the end.  But the narrator might have been older at the start and already married with an ill wife.  The wife could serve as someone for him to talk to her about what he saw, and someone he could urge to the window when the Volvo appears, to make the story more external.  It’s usually good to give the main character someone to interact with to externalize both the internal and external conflicts.

I enjoy the narrator being inhabited by the devil (or believing he’s being inhabited) at the end, but I’m unclear what has killed his wife.  I’d love to have some sense of momentum at the end with an indication of what’s going to happen from here.  Does the narrator get the keys from the dead driver and head out to the Volvo?  Does he get his own keys and head to his own car?  Does he take his wife and lay her head in front of the tire of the Volvo before getting in?

I enjoyed reading this and was engaged throughout in trying to figure out if the narrator was imagining the devil or the devil was really stalking him.  I hope my comments are helpful.

When a story gets stuck, there are as many reasons for it as there are stories. I salute the writer who sticks with it, who believes in the story no matter how often or how strongly it resists being told. That’s a story that needs to be out in the world. The trick is to find the best way to tell it.

This chapter is working hard to find its feet. We have a viewpoint character. There are hints of backstory and glimpses of the world. There’s a new arrival, a mystery, and a set of actions and reactions that help to move the story forward.

What I’d like to talk about here may be an issue for much later in the process, when it’s time for line edits. Or it may be worth noting now, to shift the direction a little bit, to point toward a slightly different way of telling the story.

This chapter is told through filters. There’s Brienna’s viewpoint, expressed in first person, which means we experience everything through her. The narrative unfolds through her thoughts and feelings.

This is an ancient and honored way of telling stories. Maybe it’s one of the first; who knows? I did this, I felt this, I thought this. I tell you what happened. I determine what you can and can’t know.

Where it gets tricky is when the original filter takes on additional layers. We as readers never forget that the narrator is “I,” that we’re being told a story. But “I” may place more barriers between us and what’s happening.

Here for example Brienna tells us what she does and why, but she does it in a particular way. She conveys information primarily through internal monologue. She’s telling a story to us, but she’s also telling one to herself.

This additional layer of filter comes through in a couple of ways. Thoughts expressed in italics are a popular narrative technique; I think they’re meant to make us feel as if there’s a dialogue happening, though there’s just one person talking. They mix up the text on the page, make the reader’s eye jump a bit at the shift from roman to italic and back again.

The question to ask is whether the typographical change does what it’s meant to do. Does it punch up the narrative? Does it give the reader a clearer sense of what’s going on? Is it effective? Can the story progress more smoothly without it?

The answer to these questions can perfectly well be yes, it does make a difference. The story is better for it. But it may help a stuck revision to ask whether there’s a different way to get the idea across.

The same applies to an equally or perhaps even more popular technique in internal monologue, the rhetorical question. The protagonist thinks about what’s happening or has happened or is about to happen, and wonders about it. Is this true? Is that going to be a problem? Has she done the right thing? Does she know what’s going on here?

I admit that I’ve maxed out on this in recent reading—this part of my TBR pile is unusually well populated with characters who tell their stories to themselves and then to us. I find myself wanting to be told it straight. To see it through the characters’ eyes without the ongoing sense of being told rather than simply being. I want to be there, to live the experience.

That’s a personal reaction, to be taken as such, for as much as it’s worth. What I hope it may do is point the way toward a more effective manner of telling the story. It may be as simple as reducing the number of italicized thought balloons or rhetorical questions. Or these filters may be exactly what the story needs in order to evolve according to plan.

If I were to make a suggestion, it would be to try a more direct mode of narration. We can still experience it through Brienna, but more subtly. Let us see what she sees, but perceive it through the words she uses, through the connotations they carry. Maybe a bit of backstory might come through as a flicker of memory, an image, an emotion, a flash of sensory information: a color, an odor, a sound. We’ll feel what she feels, rather than being told what she feels; we’ll hear what she hears, without the character’s voiceover.

Try it and see. The story might move faster, and the characters and events come through more clearly.

Or not. But it may be worth the experiment, just for a short chapter, to see if it works.

“A Knot of Silken Memories” got my attention this month with its treatment of intergenerational memory and a rare moment of emotional insight. I think it’s in a much earlier stage of development than the author might be thinking—but also that it’s a piece well worth developing. So this month, I’d like to talk about strategies to build out early-stage sketches into something wide, deep, and memorable.

There’s a lot of foundation already laid in “A Knot of Silken Memories”: a working magic system, central characters with tangible history in their relationships, and the lacework motif binding it together in a way that’s structurally pretty pleasant—that idea of knit shawls connects the rest of the story elements just like the peacock tails. There’s also a nice hand with prose. Even in a piece this brief, there are some lovely lines in here: “all grey and brown in expectation of both winter and mourning” is clean, fine, and evocative in equal measure.

There are some notable gaps in the draft; places where information’s missing. The sense of place and time are quite ambiguous (French sometimes, a slightly fairytale-feeling England in others), emotional arcs still somewhat erratic (how does Jeanne move from the contempt of “the fish-scented spit of soon-to-die worms” to explaining the Countess’s humanity to her own daughter?), and the heart of the story—the narrating, the knitting—can feel a bit brushed-over and passive. Names like Countess Whipstaff and Miss Knitter are a little on the nose, and that sends a mixed signal to me, as a reader, about what kind of story this is: fairytale allegory?

The most important thing I’ve taken from this draft, though, is that “A Knot of Silken Memories” isn’t quite structured as a story yet; at this stage, it’s more a beginning concept. If we pull back from the plot of the piece, it’s mostly a demonstration of the idea—there are people who knit memories into shawls—and how that would technically work, sort of like a trailer or demo for the concept itself. The characters and plot we have are just enough to hold that demo: a way to think about the idea aloud.

I want to be clear: there is nothing wrong with this. It’s a stage a lot of story ideas go through—how would this interesting speculative idea work? In what situations, and what are its mechanics? The important next step for us as writers to take, though, is to ask: And knowing how it would work, then what? What would I have to say to other people using that idea?

There’s a switch in thinking that happens here in us, in our own heads, that’s crucial to making a story that sticks with readers. As writers, we have to make the hop from Isn’t this idea neat? and building a box to hold it, to making of the idea itself a box to hold something we want to explore or speak about. Instead of a goal, the fun fantasy element has to become one of the tools. That’s the point at which we’re not just demonstrating the thing that struck us as cool; we’re writing a story that moves and works on all levels.

And the thing is, I really do think “A Knot of Silken Memories” has the seeds of something to say. There’s a legitimate insight in the end of this piece: that different people in a family see the same things through completely different perspectives and contexts, and it’s a disorienting, heavy, complicated thing to see yourself through the eyes of a parent or caregiver. (And I’m saying that as someone who inherited her grandmother’s diaries.) That split in perspective can be painful, powerful, and revelatory, especially when people express love in different ways, or there are different goals and lots of disappointment. There’s a lot to talk about in that one line—and a lot of places to take that idea. This piece has, even in early draft, hit something real.

So what I’d mainly suggest for this piece is to chase that truth at its centre—and push everything deeper and farther.

It’s not difficult to start building a story into more: the first step can just be looking at what’s here, and going Okay, but then what? and What are the consequences of this worldbuilding? or But how do these people really feel and impact each other? Natural consequences are a great way to generate plot; sometimes all we have to do is follow them.

Another great way to do that—to turn the speculative mechanic into a tool to say something bigger—is to ask ourselves a series of questions about what made the idea stick in our heads in the first place. Every piece starts somewhere; there’s something in it that compels us. If we get back to what we found compelling enough to write it in the first place, we can often find what we’re saying—and then get about saying it more deeply or clearly.

Another strategy we can use alongside asking good questions is to look at those gaps in the draft as not problems, but available working space. If there’s space where something should be, there’s space to plant more story, more depth, and more texture there without disturbing the basic structure of what we already have. So I’d also suggest using those missing pieces as the equivalent of empty planters in a garden: they’re the first spaces you can use to pursue what you want to say, once you’ve nailed down what that is.

Finally, we can look at the characters: What facts do you know about them that got left off the page—but make for interesting story, new conflict, or potential? The solution to deepening a piece can sometimes lie in what else the characters have going on—and how it connects to or clashes with the things this draft’s already said.

So there are a variety of approaches here: ones we can use in combination or on their own to find what else is living in the world of “A Knot of Silken Memories”. And I think growing this piece in a deliberate way—a way that makes its speculative element the tool to say something bigger—has the chance to make a story that’s honest, adventurous, and affecting.

Thanks for the read, and best of luck!

One of the things I like most about about writing workshops is the opportunity to see a variety of work at all stages from first draft to just about ready for prime time. I particularly love first drafts, because they provide so much insight into the individual writer’s process. There is no wrong way to write a first draft. However the words get onto the page, whatever shape they take, that’s the right way for that particular writer.

This submission has a great energy. I like the way it starts right off with the big event, as seen through the narrow focus of a first-person protagonist’s day job. The characters are quickly and clearly sketched; I get a sense of who they all are, how they talk, how they react to the unthinkable.

The protagonist comes through even at this early stage. I don’t know their name yet, or their gender, or their history, but I’m invested enough to stay with them. They’re more than just a pair of eyes. They’re an active part of the narrative, and their actions and reactions help it move along.

I would, in further revisions, like to see the synopsized portions written out. I do that in first draft, too—quick sketch to get to the next part that’s demanding to be written. The final section of the chapter needs to be a fully realized scene, like what comes before. Let us experience it directly, as it happens, in real time.

I have one question about the actual content: Would meteorologists have to guess about radiation? Isn’t there some way to measure it, that authorities would have access to?

Way back in the Sixties, my dad was part of the Civil Defense force. He had a geiger counter and would go out regularly to check radiation levels around the area. The technology would have been considerably updated, but surely there’s something like it in use around the country. I can recall news reports about aftereffects of the Fukushima disaster, for example, with data from various locations, though I don’t recall which agencies were doing the recording.

Overall, this is a good start. I’m sure the prose will sort itself out in line edits, smoothing awkward or repetitive phrasing and reducing the number of viewpoint tags (I noticed, I saw, I looked, I thought, I felt). It’s not anything I’d worry about at this stage. The plot and characters are taking shape nicely; I’ll be interested to see where they go from here.